Explication of Genesis 1-11


Genesis divided into two parts;

1. ch. 1-11: stories of creation and the divisions of mankind
continuous separation
from God
from family
from other humans
2. ch. 12-50: stories of the patriarchs
history of the Hebrew people

Two accounts of Creation

Role of oral tradition
collation of variant traditions into a continuous narrative

First Account: (Priestly version) From a flood culture (Mesopotamia?), 1-2:3

Divine fiat of a transcendent god, above creation
chaos waters
separation of the waters above from those below
Mesopotamian parallel
Six 'days' of creation
hierarchical order
creation through language
"Let there be light!"
Creation of humans
in God's image
how are we 'in God's image'?
"male and female he created them" (1:27)
Dominion
Consequences

Second Account: (Yahwist version) From an oasis (desert) culture, 2:4-25

Works of an immanent god, who walks in creation (3:8)
and converses with his creatures
One day of creation
stream (spring? mist?)
God forms man from dust
adhamah 'ground'
Garden of Eden
Till and keep
One commandment
Search for a helper: creation of woman
Naming of animals = dominion
naming as act of creation
woman derived from man
ish 'man' + ah > ishah 'woman'

Expulsion from Eden: Continuation of second account

Purpose of story
Sequence
manipulation of language
What is the significance of the tree of good & evil?
What, if anything, do Adam and Eve gain by eating the fruit?
How would you describe the consequences of the Fall?

Cain and Abel

first homicide continues estrangement and separation
rivalry between pastoralists and agriculturalists

Noah and the flood

Two Versions of the Flood
earth filled corruption & violence
God is sorry that he made humankind (6:7)
Noah finds favor in God's eyes (6:8)
God unleashes the chaos waters which were restrained by the firmament
Rainbow: symbol of a covenant with all humankind
Noah as progenitor of all humankind
Shem: Semitic peoples
Ham: African peoples
Japheth: European peoples
How does this compare with Sumerian Flood?

Tower of Babel

tower based on Mesopotamian ziggurats
Ziggurat of Ur today
The original ziggurat of Ur reconstructed
Nabonidus' reconstruction of the Ziggurat of Ur
attempt to:
1. remain united in one place
2. tear down barriers between heaven & earth
origin of languages: further alienation & separation

Essential role of language in these stories

God uses language to create
Adam names the animals
he either perceives or bestows their essence
serpent manipulates language to tempt
God confuses the language of humans to kep them from over-reaching themselves


Patriarchal Narratives



Nature of stories

history, with a purpose
little archaeological confirmation
Three major types of stories
ethnological stories (explain origins and nature of peoples)
Esau
Ammonites and Moabites
etymological stories (explain origins and meaning of names)
Isaac
Bethel
cultic stories (explain origins of customs and cultic practices)
Bethel
Jacob's thigh

Monotheism

henotheism (14:19-22)
Melchizedek: El Elyon 'god most high';
Abraham: Adonai, El Elyon 'the Lord, god most high'
tribal contracts with god of the clan
the gods of Laban
Yahweh is unique

Covenant

God's promise (12:1-3)
Abram's departure from home
First formal covenant
need for an heir
Sheol
contract with Eleazar
Vision (ch. 15)
Covenant instructions
divided animals
smoking pot and flaming torch
God as 'vassal'
Comparison with Noahic covenant
Noahic covenant with all mankind
Abrahamic covenant with Abraham and his descendents
Circumcision (ch. 17)
a parallel version of the covenant
Abram becomes Abraham 'the ancestor is exalted'
rite as ritual risk of losing the promise
emphasis on connection between the promise and progeny

'Sacrifice' of Isaac (ch. 22)

again, a risk of losing the promise through obedience to God
God demands faith, but what kind of faith?


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