PREDICTING BIAXIAL BEHAVIOR OF THE SOFT TISSUES USING UNIAXIAL TENSILE TESTS


Faruk Taban, Shen-Yi Luo, Cahit A. Evrensel and Aniruddha Mitra*

Department of Mechanical Engineering
University of Nevada, Reno
Reno, NV 89557
*Western Nevada Community College Carson City, NV 89703

INTRODUCTION
The stress-strain curves of the fabric flexible composites and the soft tissues under various biaxial loads appear to be similar. They all contain curved fibers in soft matrices. Because of the curved fibers, inhomogeneous deformation occurs within the material. Most researchers believe that the uniaxial data cannot be used to characterize multiaxial behavior of the soft tissues in general. The constitutive equation obtained using data regression method usually gives a good description of the stress-strain behavior for the homogeneous material. It gives no physical meaning of these input values obtained for the soft tissues. Thus, these constitutive relations are highly dependent on the experimental procedure and cannot be generalized. This study investigates a generalized model to predict the biaxial behavior of the soft tissues (such as cardiac muscle, skin, lung, blood vessel, etc.) using modified fabric flexible composite theory. It treats the soft tissue as an orthogonal composite element containing wavy fibers in a soft matrix. Input parameters of the model are determined from uniaxial tests analytically with physical meaning. Good agreement has been found between the experimental measurements and the theoretical predictions for the soft tissues.

METHOD
Cardiac and lung tissues have been chosen to test the prediction of the model. We consider those tissues to be composed of wavy fibers in an isotropic matrix, which represents all non-fibrous constituents. The phenomenon and the details of the fabric model are given by Taban and Luo, (1997) and Mitra and Luo (1994). Only the modifications to it and its input data are discussed herein.